Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies that are secured by cryptography and are transferred on a ‘blockchain’, a public ledger that is distributed across a network of computers. Every time a transaction takes place, it is recorded on the ledger of every participant.
Blockchains can be used to record financial transactions, agreements, ownership titles, medical records, and more, in a way that is peer-to-peer, cannot be modified, and does not require trust between participants.
Bitcoin (BTC) makes up more than half of the total market cap of all crypto. Launched in 2009, it was the first cryptocurrency and intended to be used as digital money independent from the banking system. All other cryptocurrencies are known as ‘alt’ coins.
Ethereum (ETH) is the second-largest cryptocurrency, making up 40% of the alt market. It also allows for smart contracts and enables developers to build decentralised applications (dApps).
Other major altcoins include BNB, Solana (SOL), Ripple (XRP), Cardano (ADA), Dogecoin (DOGE), and Avalanche (AVAX).